Linux Flashcards

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Linux is a powerful, open-source operating system kernel that forms the foundation of numerous distributions (distros) used worldwide. Created by Linus Torvalds in 1991, Linux has become the backbone of modern computing infrastructure, powering servers, supercomputers, embedded systems, and mobile devices (Android). Linux is known for its stability, security, flexibility, and robust command-line interface. It offers powerful shell scripting capabilities, extensive system administration tools, and a vast ecosystem of open-source software. Linux is the preferred choice for developers, system administrators, and DevOps professionals due to its versatility and the control it provides over system resources.

Our flashcard app contains carefully selected Linux interview questions, complete with comprehensive answers, to effectively prepare you for any interview requiring Linux knowledge. IT Flashcards is not only a valuable tool for job seekers but also a great way to strengthen and test your understanding of Linux operating system. Regular practice with the app will keep you updated with the latest trends in system administration and enhance your expertise in Linux commands and operations.

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Linux

What is Linux?

Linux is an open operating system created by Linus Torvalds in 1991. It was developed based on the Unix system and follows the open-source philosophy, which means that the system's source code is publicly available and can be modified, distributed, and used for free.

Linux offers a high degree of customization, allowing it to be tailored to the needs of different users - both those who use the system on their home computers and large corporations that utilize Linux on their servers.

Linux distributions, such as Ubuntu, Fedora, and Debian, provide a set of tools and programs that allow for full utilization of the system's capabilities. Because of this, Linux is popular among programmers, system administrators, and IT enthusiasts.

Linux is also well-known for its stability, security, and community support - users can rely on help and advice from other members of the Linux community around the world.

Linux

What is the difference between a user and a superuser in Linux?

A **User** is an entity that uses the system but has limited access to system resources. Users can create, modify, and delete files and directories only within their home directory, and depending on the system configuration, the user may not have access to certain applications or system-level configurations. User accounts are ideal for everyday use of the system.

A **Superuser** (also known as root) has unlimited permissions to all aspects of the system. The superuser can create, modify, and delete any files and directories, regardless of their location in the system. They can also install, update, and remove software, manage user accounts, change file permissions, and more. The superuser account should be used with caution, as its unlimited permissions can lead to accidental system damage.

Linux

What is the .bashrc file and what is it used for?

The .bashrc file is a script executed when a new Bash shell is launched for an interactive user. It is the ideal place to put things that you want to be available for all your Bash shell sessions.

The .bashrc file is typically located in the user's home directory (`~/.bashrc`). Anything you place in this file will be executed each time you start a new Bash shell session.

It is possible to add aliases, functions, environment variables, change the shell prompt, and various other things.

The .bashrc file is an excellent place to create a configured shell environment tailored to your individual needs.

For example, you can add the following alias to the .bashrc file to quickly update packages on an Ubuntu system:

alias update='sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade'

After saving and reloading .bashrc, you can type `update` to execute both commands at once.

Linux

Name three basic directories in the Linux file structure and describe their purpose.

1. **/etc** - this directory contains system configuration files, which are usually edited by the system administrator. Each service running on the system has its own directory in /etc where it stores its configuration files.

2. **/home** - this is the home directory for system users. Each user has their own subdirectory in /home where they store their files. The user's /home directory is typically the only place where they can create and save files.

3. **/bin** - this directory contains essential binary commands (programs) needed to boot the system. The commands in /bin are basic system commands, not all of which are strictly for system management, such as ls, chmod, cp, and others.

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